Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that starts with symptoms similar to the common cold, such as fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. Within a few days, tiny white spots, known as Koplik spots, appear inside the mouth. Shortly after, a red rash spreads from the face down to the rest of the body. This rash is a key sign of measles, but the virus is doing much more damage beneath the surface.
Once the measles virus enters the body, it attacks the immune system by infecting cells in the respiratory tract before spreading to the bloodstream. It then travels to various organs, including the lungs, liver, and brain. One of the most dangerous effects of measles is “immune amnesia,” which weakens the body’s ability to remember past infections and respond to future threats. This makes a person more vulnerable to other diseases for months or even years after recovering from measles.
In severe cases, measles can lead to life-threatening complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis (brain swelling), and severe dehydration. Pneumonia is the most common cause of measles-related deaths, especially in young children and people with weakened immune systems. Encephalitis, though rarer, can cause seizures, brain damage, or even be fatal. Pregnant women who contract measles also face a higher risk of premature birth and complications.
The best way to prevent measles and its devastating effects is through vaccination. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective in providing long-term immunity and has significantly reduced measles cases worldwide. However, due to vaccine hesitancy and misinformation, outbreaks still occur, especially in areas with low vaccination rates. Protecting yourself and others through vaccination is crucial in keeping measles under control and preventing its harmful effects on the body.